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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Ectoderm specification ： ウィキペディア英語版 Ectoderm specification In ''Xenopus laevis'', the specification of the three germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm) occurs at the blastula stage.〔Heasman, J., Quarmby, J., and Wylie, C.C. (1984). The mitochondrial cloud of Xenopus oocytes: the source of germinal granule material. Dev Biol 105, 458-469.〕 Great efforts have been made to determine the factors that specify the endoderm and mesoderm. On the other hand, only a few examples of genes that are required for ectoderm specification have been described in the last decade. The first molecule identified to be required for the specification of ectoderm was the ubiquitin ligase Ectodermin (Ecto, TIF1-γ, TRIM33); later, it was found that the deubiquitinating enzyme, FAM/USP9x, is able to overcome the effects of ubiquitination made by Ectodermin in Smad4 (Dupont et al., 2009). Two transcription factors have been proposed to control gene expression of ectodermal specific genes: POU91/Oct3/4〔Snir, M., Ofir, R., Elias, S., and Frank, D. (2006). Xenopus laevis POU91 protein, an Oct3/4 homologue, regulates competence transitions from mesoderm to neural cell fates. EMBO J 25, 3664-3674.〕 and FoxIe1/Xema.〔Mir, A., Kofron, M., Zorn, A.M., Bajzer, M., Haque, M., Heasman, J., and Wylie, C.C. (2007). FoxI1e activates ectoderm formation and controls cell position in the Xenopus blastula. Development 134, 779-788.〕〔Suri, C., Haremaki, T., and Weinstein, D.C. (2005). Xema, a foxi-class gene expressed in the gastrula stage Xenopus ectoderm, is required for the suppression of mesendoderm. Development 132, 2733-2742.〕 A new factor specific for the ectoderm, XFDL156, has shown to be essential for suppression of mesoderm differentiation from pluripotent cells.〔Sasai, N., Yakura, R., Kamiya, D., Nakazawa, Y., and Sasai, Y. (2008). Ectodermal factor restricts mesoderm differentiation by inhibiting p53. Cell 133, 878-890.〕 == Ectodermin and FAM== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ectoderm specification」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.